technology

Indonesia saw the current developments, both from the economic, educational, social and political is very worrying. Deficiencies and missed our country compared to other countries almost in all aspects of the above can be felt, particularly by Indonesian intellectuals living abroad, who are relatively able to see more clearly because it was "out of orbit". The indicators are measured, such as economics, has pointed this out, while the indicators can be difficult to compare measured during our stay in Indonesia and abroad. Many opinions that highlight the cause of this. One of them is the low quality of education. As someone who has been in the world of research in science, I could feel that in science there are ethical aspects that when applied to individuals to form an honest, disciplined, responsible and fair. I think that by knowing the ethical aspects of science, and teach it to students to help shape a good personality. What I feel for taking education in Indonesia is that the aspect of 'education' (ethics) less attention. Lecturers are more likely to only give knowledge to his students only, who can we call a 'teaching'. Aspects of 'education' I mean including the formation of attitude and personality. This is important because I believe that higher education institutions is the last fortress that should survive the moral crisis in Indonesia.
Core

Ethics of science, research and education
Scientists, research and education is very closely related. I agree with the notion that research and teaching is something that is multiplication not increase, one of the main characteristics inherent to the person who dubbed scientists This means that someone is going to zero as a scientist if you do not do research. And it also means going to zero as a scientist if you do not teach.

Based on this, this paper tries to give a picture the importance of ethics in science and education benefits.
Before we enter into the issue: whether the ethical aspects of science can form an honest person, discipline, responsibility and sportsmanship betanggung? It's good that we know what science and ethics. Perspective on science can vary depending on how we define the science. But it's good, in accordance with the purpose of this paper, the definition of science from Oxford Home Dictionary: "A branch of study which is Concerned with a connected body of demonstrated truths, orwith observed facts systematically classified and more or less colligated by being brought under general laws, and which includes trustworthy methods for the discovery of new truth within its own domain ". What is ethics? Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary mendefinikannya as follows: "1 ... the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation 2 a: a set of moral principles and values b: a theory or system of moralvalues c: the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. "
From the definitions of the above seems clear that science is a tool to search for the truth. And can be realized to seek the truth we need an ethical strategy. Strategy here is the scientific method. However many ethical violations in scientific research, known as scientific fraud (scientific fraud).

Scientific fraud
Scientific fraud (scientific fraud) is defined as an attempt to manipulate the facts or publish the work of another person intentionally,. However, the definition of scientific fraud is not always clear. One aspect of scientific fraud is to manipulate and modify data. In 1830, the British mathematician named Charles Babbage explains the data manipulation techniques. This includes trimming (delete data that does not match the expected results) and cooking (selecting only data that matches the expected results, making the data more convincing). The ideal of science is that scientists should be objective and report all observations are complete and honest. However, this is not always found in scientific reports.
As an illustration, three cases below can give an idea of how the ethics of science upheld in the scientific world:

First case
Factor that complicates the detection of scientific fraud is because so many publications are published each year in the world. More than 40.000 journals and hundreds of thousands of scientific articles published each year has been very difficult to examine whether an article containing fraudulent or not, even though the paper has been published by the judging (reviewing process). One of the open surface case is the case of Elias A. K. Alsabti in late 1970 and early 1980. Alsabti is an Iraqi citizen, obtain medical graduates in Iraq and came to the United States in 1977 to work in the field of immunological at Temple University in Philadelphia, and continued at several institutes. Alsabti found to be involved in scientific fraud. In a case of fraud, co-workers discovered that he had changed the data in a scientific publications. In some other instances, Alsabti committing plagiarism, retrieve data from the journal, and publish it again in another journal
In some other cases, plagiarism committed by Alsabti can easily be found because he's carelessness in removing the signs that the data has been taken from an article someone else. Before this case was found Alsabti tealah obtain positions in six different institutions and get permission to open a medical practice in the two states in the United States. This case has been published in Nature, the British Medical Journal and disebuah book titled Stealing Into Print by Marcel C. Lafollette. The case was closed after Alsabti found dead in a car accident in 1991.

Second case
Other serious cases discovered in the 1980s, when a young cardiologist named John Darsee, who worked in one of prestigious research institutions in the world of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. He was known as a gifted scientist having published nearly 100 articles and abstracts in a period of two years at Harvard.
In 1981, co-workers know Darsee and report to the head of the laboratory that he had made false data in the experiment. They also reported that Darsee also had faked data in a few articles that have been published. When investigated, Darsee admitted that he had done that. Subsequent investigation also found that Darsee had falsified the data not only at Harvard, but in previous positions at Emory University in Georgia and even as a graduate student at Notre Dame University in Indiana. Darsee expelled from Harvard and closed likely to receive research funding from the government. His article in the journal that contains false data has also withdrawn.

Third case
The third case occurred in Indonesia. Senate of the University of Gadjah Mada (UGM) in 2000 finally cancel his doctorate in Ipong S. Azhar. Ipong dissertation is starting to matter if it is published in book form titled The Peasant Radicalism of the New Order: The Case of Land Settlement JENGGAWAH in mid-1999. Mochammad Nurhasim, researchers Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) was surprised after reading the book chapter by chapter, because it the same as thesis. He then wrote a letter to the Senate GMU, as well as send a copy of the thesis. He also made an open letter to various media. In essence, he accused Ipong to plagiarism and urging that the columnist doctorate revoked. And, the final decision had been dropped on March 25, 2000 in Forum Meeting Senate GMU led by Prof.. Dr. Ichlasul Amal, Rector of UGM, and attended by 102 members of the senate. Doctorate canceled. UGM Senate decision was based on the findings of the research team Ipong case. Almost all of the data using the data Ipong dissertation others. In addition, the data submitted during the test Ph.D. dissertation is not the same as that collected into the archive and library UGM. Dissertation submitted to the examiner did not mention the source. Meanwhile, copies of the dissertation submitted to the library's archives include reference sources, namely Mochammad Nurhasim thesis.
Other errors come from carelessness, lack of good experimental design or inappropriate in the laboratory copying is not a scientific fraud (scientific fraud), although that is not acceptable in science. One recent case in this regard have been reported in Chemical and Engineering News on August 6, 2001 in which scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (lbnl) has pulled back their articles published in Physical Review Letters. In this prestigious journal, they claimed that they had discovered a new element with atomic number 118 and 116 of the core reaction of 86Kr ions 208Pb with high-energy. Withdrawal of this article is based on the results of experiments that can not be repeated in the laboratory in Germany and Japan. This withdrawal is justified because the results of this research will provide a high impact on the development of science.
From the examples above can be seen that the punishment of scientific fraud is very clear. Examples of cases in UGM gives us the awareness that it takes an instrument and clear rules to minimize the possibility of scientific fraud. In contrast to universities in developed countries, instruments and rules of scientific fraud at the university in Indonesia is not clear and not regulated. In addition, in developed countries, the ethics of science included in kurikukum, to provide awareness and to train science students that ethics is absolutely necessary in the research. As a general picture, in addition to science ethics courses explained the importance of ethics in science are also taught how to write, report and analyze experimental data are correct. At Woodrow Wilson Biology Institute, these courses are taught in the curriculum of biological sciences who are considered vulnerable to fraud. This is also conveyed through the lab tasks. As an illustration of how science is taught ethics, following the example given lectures on science ethics Woodrow Wilson Biology Institute, in which the goal of these lectures is to develop student's ability to distinguish between ordinary errors and scientific fraud. Explain to students the consequences of scientific fraud. Understanding the nature of the rules themselves (self-regulating) of the research. In the course of history was taught scientific fraud and students involved in the discussion of the implications of scientific fraud. Also taught how to design experiments and analyze data to detect errors and scientific fraud. In the course also simulated a situation in which ethical dilemmas occur conflict between the honesty with personal gain. Practice is given by emphasizing the importance of control in the design of experiments. For example, by placing students in a position to report the wrong conclusion because of the wrong design of experiments.
And an explanation of the cases above, we can say, if the ethics of science are well taught and applied, then we can answer the question: What aspects of scientific ethics can be personal form of honest, disciplined, responsible and fair?
Seeing the events that occur in scientific fraud, in general, there are three things that motivate people to commit scientific fraud: First is the pressure of his career, which to launch a career, a person forced to commit fraud. This pressure can be seen for a doctoral student in Japan who on average have to have a publication in the journal in its field to earn a doctorate. Second, knowing or trying to answer questions from the research effortlessly perform experiments of time and effort in the laboratory. Third, work on the field where the experiment will not always be the same if repeated (reproducible). This may explain why scientific fraud occurs in many biological and biomedical fields, because it is difficult to get data that can actually be repeated, because it depends on many factors difficult to control.

Anticipation for Indonesia
Seeing the progress of time, could not help the Indonesian people must master science and technology. This is not only a mastery of science and technology, without ethical framework (in the broadest sense), although the development of science and technology will not be much affected by the number of cases of scientific fraud. This is because science and technology have the power to repair themselves (self-correction). This is in accordance with the nature of science is developed based on knowledge that has been found previously. However, an honest mentality is absolutely necessary as a basis for achieving progress. Teaching ethics in science to undergraduate students, masters and doctoral degrees are expected to increase the awareness of the students that the prospective graduate, doctoral candidate and professor candidates must uphold honesty. At least this may be a small contribution to the improvement of our society, which are disease infestation of corruption, plagiarism, buying the title, cheating and so forth. This arduous task of Indonesian scientists who realize the importance of ethics in science in science education and research in Indonesia.
Closing
Conclusion
Scientific fraud is not always clear. One aspect of scientific fraud is to manipulate and modify data. The ideal of science is that scientists should be objective and report all observations are complete and honest. However, this is not always found in scientific reports. Scientific fraud (scientific fraud) is defined as an attempt to manipulate the facts or publish the work of another person intentionally. However many ethical violations in scientific research, known as scientific fraud (scientific fraud).